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rocky places

  • 1 τόπος

    τόπος, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl.+) prim. ‘place, position, region’.
    an area of any size, gener. specified as a place of habitation
    inhabited geographical area: place, of a city, village, etc. (Manetho: 609 Fgm. 10, 238 Jac.; in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 238; Diod S 1, 15, 6; 2, 13, 6; 13, 64, 7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 86; 2, 34) οἱ ἄνδρες τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου (cp. Gen 29:22) Mt 14:35. Cp. Mk 6:11 (of the inhabitants); Lk 4:37; 10:1 (w. πόλις as 2 Ch 34:6; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 115); Ac 16:3; 27:2; Rv 18:17 (s. πλέω). ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ everywhere that people or Christians live (cp. Diod S 13, 22, 3 εἰς πάντα τόπον; Mal 1:11; TestDan 6:7; ParJer 5:32; Just., D. 41, 3, and on the exaggeration in epistolary style PLond III, 891, 9 p. 242 [IV A.D., Christian] ἡ εὐφημία σου περιεκύκλωσεν τ. κόσμον ὅλον) 1 Cor 1:2; 2 Cor 2:14; 1 Th 1:8; 2 Th 3:16 v.l.; MPol 19:1; AcPl Ha 6, 5 and15. Also κατὰ πάντα τόπον MPol ins ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ καὶ χρόνῳ D 14:3. This is perh. the place for τὸν τόπον καὶ τὸ ἔθνος J 11:48 (the Sin. Syr. and Chrysost. vol. VIII 386e take τόπ. to mean Jerusalem [cp. 2 Macc 3:2, 12]; but s. 1b below). ἐν ποίῳ τόπῳ where AcPl Ha 6, 12; without ἐν Hv 1:7 Joly. εἰς ἕτερον τόπον to another place (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 2; Plut., Mor. 108d) Ac 12:17. Cp. AFridrichsen, Kgl. Hum. Vetensk. Samf. i. Uppsala, Årsbok ’43, 28–30.
    inhabited structure: space, place, building et al. (Diod S 20, 100, 4 τόποι=buildings; POslo 55, 10 [c. 200 A.D.]; 1 Km 24:23; 2 Ch 25:10) Ac 4:31 (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Τρεμιθοῦς: the τόπος quakes at the παρουσία of Aphrodite). Esp. of a temple (2 Macc 5:17–20 [w. ἔθνος]; 10:7; 3 Macc 1:9ab al.; EpArist 81) perh. J 11:48 (s. 1a above; the same problem arises concerning τόπος PLond 2710 recto, 6: HTR 29, ’36, 40; 45f.—τ. of a temple Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 94, 20 [beg. II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 16, 165); τόπος ἅγιος (cp. Is 60:13; 2 Macc 1:29; 2:18; 8:17) Mt 24:15; Ac 6:13; 21:28b.
    a portion of a larger area: place, location (Diod S 2, 7, 5 τόπος τῆς πόλεως=the place on which the city stands; Just., D. 40, 2 ὁ τ. τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) ἔρημος τόπος (ἔρημος 1a) Mt 14:13; cp. vs. 15; Mk 1:35; 6:31f, 35; Lk 4:42; 9:12; GJs 17:3. Pl. Mk 1:45. πεδινός Lk 6:17. κρημνώδης Hv 1, 1, 3; Hs 6, 2, 6. καλός v 3, 1, 3b. τόπος τοῦ ἀγροῦ a place in the country 2, 1, 4; 3, 1, 3a; τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2 (cp. Just., D. 70, 1; 78, 6). Cp. Hv 2, 1, 1; Hs 6, 2, 4. On τόπος διθάλασσος Ac 27:41 s. διθάλασσος. Cp. τραχεῖς τόποι rocky places vs. 29. ὁ τόπος ὅπου (TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 13 [Stone p. 76]; ParJer 7:32; ApcMos 33; Just., D. 78, 8) the place where Mt 28:6; Mk 16:6; J 4:20; 6:23; 10:40; 11:30; 19:20, 41. ὁ τόπος ἔνθα GPt 13:56 (Just., A I, 19, 8; Mel., HE 4, 26, 14). ὁ τόπος ἐφʼ ᾧ ἕστηκας Ac 7:33 (cp. Ex 3:5). The dat. for εἰς w. acc. (B-D-F §199) ποίῳ τόπῳ ἀπῆλθεν Hv 4, 3, 7. ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ in every place (in Jerusalem) 1 Cl 41:2. Combined w. a name εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθᾶ Mt 27:33a. ἐπὶ τὸν Γολγοθᾶν τόπον Mk 15:22a.—Lk 23:33; J 19:13; Ac 27:8; Rv 16:16. W. gen.: κρανίου τόπος Mt 27:33b; Mk 15:22b; J 19:17 (s. κρανίον). τόπος τῆς καταπαύσεως Ac 7:49; B 16:2 (both Is 66:1; s. κατάπαυσις 1).—Pleonastic ἐν τόπῳ χωρίου Ῥωμαίων IRo insc. (s. τύπος 6c, end).—(Definite) place, (particular) spot, scene Lk 10:32; 19:5; 22:40; J 5:13; 6:10. ἐκεῖνον τὸν τόπον Papias (3:3) (Just., D. 3, 1 ἐκείνου τοῦ τόπου).
    pl. regions, districts (Diod S 4, 23, 2; 13, 109, 2; Artem. 2, 9 p. 92, 28; PHib 66, 2; PTebt 281, 12 al.; EpArist 22; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 9) ἄνυδροι τόποι Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24. οἱ ἀνατολικοὶ τόποι the east 1 Cl 25:1. κατὰ τόπους in various regions (κατά B 1a) Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11. εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν τόπους Ac 27:2 (Antig. Car. 172 εἰς τοὺς τόπους).
    an abode: place, room to live, stay, sit etc. (UPZ 146, 31; 37 [II B.C.]) Rv 12:14. ἔτι τόπος ἐστίν there is still room Lk 14:22 (Epict. 2, 13, 10 ποῦ ἔτι τόπος; where is there still room?; Ath. 8, 4 τίς ἐστι τόπος;). οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι 2:7. οὐκ ἔνι τ. ἀπόκρυφος there was no hiding-place GJs 22:3. ἔχειν τόπον have (a) place Rv 12:6; cp. IPhld 2:2; Hv 3, 5, 5; 3, 7, 5; 3, 9, 5; m 12, 5, 4ab. ἑτοιμάσαι τινὶ τόπον J 14:2f (cp. Rv 12:6). δὸς τούτῳ τόπον make room for this person Lk 14:9a (Epict 4, 1, 106 δὸς ἄλλοις τόπον=make room for others). ὁ ἔσχατος τόπος (ἔσχατος 1 and 3) vss. 9b and 10 (on τόπος=‘a place to sit’, cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 210 οἱ τ. τόπους κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν διανέμοντες; Epict. 1, 25, 27; Paus. Attic. α, 128 τόπος of a seat in a theater; Diog. L. 7, 22 ὁ τῶν πτωχῶν τόπ.=the place where the poor people sat [in the auditorium where Zeno the Stoic taught]; Eunap. p. 21; IPergamon 618, s. Dssm., NB 95 [BS 267]). ὁ τόπος αὐτῶν μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐστίν their place is with the angels Hs 9, 27, 3. On ὁ ἀναπληρῶν τὸν τόπον τοῦ ἰδιώτου 1 Cor 14:16 s. ἀναπληρόω 4 (for τόπος=‘position’ s. TestAbr B 4 p. 108, 20 [Stone p. 64] ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ; Philo, Somn. 1, 238; Jos., Ant. 16, 190 ἀπολογουμένου τόπον λαμβάνων).
    the customary location of someth.: the place where someth. is found, or at least should or could be found; w. gen. of thing in question ἀπόστρεψον τὴν μάχαιράν σου εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτῆς Mt 26:52 (w. ref. to the sheath). ὁ τόπος τῶν ἥλων the place where the nails had been J 20:25 v.l. (Theodor. Prodr. 9, 174 ‘the mark’ of scratch-wounds). ὁ τόπος αὐτῆς its place, of the lampstand’s place Rv 2:5. Cp. 6:14. τόπος οὐχ εὐρέθη αὐτοῖς there was no longer any place for them (Da 2:35 Theod.—Ps 131:5) 20:11; cp. 12:8. Non-literal use οὐκ ἂν δευτέρας (sc. διαθήκης) ἐζητεῖτο τόπος there would have been no occasion sought for a second (covenant) Hb 8:7. On τὸν τῆς ὑπακοῆς τόπον ἀναπληρώσαντες 1 Cl 63:1 s. ἀναπληρόω 3. ἀποκατασταθήσῃ εἰς τὸν τόπον σου (cod. A οἶκον) you will be restored to your former circumstances Hs 7:6.
    a transcendent site: esp. of the place to which one’s final destiny brings one. Of the place of salvation (Tob 3:6 ὁ αἰώνιος τόπος; TestJob 49:2 τοῦ ὑψηλοῦ τόπου; JosAs 22:9 τῆς καταπαύσεως; ApcSed 16:5 ἀναψύξεως καὶ ἀναπαύσεως; Ath. 22, 7 οὐράνιον τόπον): 2 Cl 1:2. πορεύεσθαι εἰς τὸν ὀφειλόμενον τόπον τῆς δόξης 1 Cl 5:4. εἰς τὸν ὀφειλόμενον αὐτοῖς τόπον παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Pol 9:2. ὁ ἅγιος τόπος 1 Cl 5:7. Cp. 44:5; B 19:1.—ὁ ἴδιος τόπος can be neutral (PGM 4, 3123; Cyranides p. 120, 6), a place where one is destined to go IMg 5:1. But the expr. can also gain its specif. mng. fr. the context. Of a place of torment or evil (TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 12 [Stone p. 34; foll. by κολαστήριον]; TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 10 [Stone p. 76]; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30. 178 ὁ τῶν ἀσεβῶν τ. Proclus on Pla., Cratylus p. 72, 7 Pasqu.) Ac 1:25b; cp. Hs 9, 4, 7; 9, 5, 4; 9, 12, 4. W. gen. ὁ τόπος τῆς βασάνου Lk 16:28.
    a specific point of reference in a book, place, passage (Polyb. 12, 25f, 1; Περὶ ὕψους 9, 8 [=p. 18, 5 V.]; 1 Esdr 6:22 v.l.; Philo, De Jos. 151; Jos., Ant. 14, 114; Just., D. 112, 4; cp. Περὶ ὕψους 3, 5 [=p. 8, 6 V.]) Lk 4:17. Cp. 1 Cl 8:4; 29:3; 46:3.
    a position held in a group for discharge of some responsibility, position, office (Diod S 1, 75, 4 in a judicial body; 19, 3, 1 of a chiliarch [commander of 1,000 men]; Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 5 the τόπος of the priest-prophetess; ins [ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ 7, ’34, p. 179 ln. 50, 218 B.C.]; pap; Dssm., NB 95 [BS 267]) λαβεῖν τὸν τόπον τῆς διακονίας Ac 1:25a. For ἐκδίκει σου τὸν τόπον IPol 1:2 s. ἐκδικέω 3. τόπος μηδένα φυσιούτω let high position inflate no one’s ego ISm 6:1. τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἴδιος ὁ τόπος προστέτακται a special office has been assigned the priests 1 Cl 40:5.—44:5. εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦ Ζαχαρίου GJs 24:4.
    a favorable circumstance for doing someth., possibility, opportunity, chance (Just., D. 36, 2 ἐν τῷ ἁρμόζοντι τόπῳ at the appropriate point in the discussion; w. gen. Polyb. 1, 88, 2 τόπος ἐλέους; Heliod. 6, 13, 3 φυγῆς τόπος; 1 Macc 9:45) τόπον ἀπολογίας λαβεῖν have an opportunity to defend oneself Ac 25:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 258 μήτʼ ἀπολογίας μήτʼ ἐλέγχου τόπον ἐχόντων). μετανοίας τόπον εὑρεῖν Hb 12:17; διδόναι (cp. Wsd 12:10) 1 Cl 7:5. In the latter pass. the persons to whom the opportunity is given are added in the dat. (cp. Plut., Mor. 62d; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 III, 15 [I A.D.] βασιλεῖ τόπον διδόναι=give a king an opportunity; Sir 4:5). μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ do not give the devil a chance to exert his influence Eph 4:27. δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ give the wrath (of God) an opportunity to work out its purpose Ro 12:19 (on ὀργῇ διδόναι τόπον cp. Plut., Mor. 462b; cp. also δὸς τόπον νόμῳ Sir 19:17. On Ro 12:19 s. ESmothers, CBQ 6, ’44, 205–15, w. reff. there; Goodsp., Probs. 152–54). τόπον ἔχειν have opportunity (to do the work of an apostle) 15:23.
    idiom: ἐν τῷ τόπῳ οὗ ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς …, ἐκεῖ κληθήσονται (=LXX Hos 2:1) is prob. to be rendered instead of their being told …, there they shall be called Ro 9:26 (cp. Hos 2:1 בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר ‘instead of’ s. HWolff, Hosea [Hermeneia] ’74, 27; Achmes 207, 17 ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐκείνῳ=instead of that).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τόπος

  • 2 πέτρα

    πέτρα, ας, ἡ (Hom. [πέτρη as ‘massive stone’ Il. 15, 273; Od. 10, 87f]+; loanw. in rabb.).
    bedrock or massive rock formations, rock as distinguished from stones (s. 2 below)
    lit., of the rock in which a tomb is hewn (s. λατομέω 1) Mt 27:60; Mk 15:46. The rocks split apart during an earthquake Mt 27:51 (cp. PGM 12, 242). αἱ πέτραι w. τὰ ὄρη (PGM 13, 872; all the elements are in disorder) Rv 6:16; likew. vs. 15, where πέτρα rather takes on the mng. rocky grotto (as Il. 2, 88; 4, 107; Soph., Phil. 16 al.; Judg 15:13; 1 Km 13:6; Is 2:10; Pr 30:26. Cp. Diod S 5, 39, 5 ἐν ταῖς κοίλαις πέτραις καὶ σπηλαίοις). πέτρα rocky ground with a thin layer of topsoil Lk 8:6, 13 (Maximus Tyr. 20, 9g ἐπὶ πετρῶν σπείρεις; Pla., Leg. 8, 838e; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 302 D.; PSI 433, 6 [260 B.C.] οὐκ ἐφυτεύθη ἐπὶ τῆς πέτρας). It forms a suitable foundation for the building of a house Mt 7:24f; Lk 6:48ab v.l.—Used w. an adj.: of Sinai π. ἔρημος a barren rock B 11:3 (Is 16:1). στερεὰ πέτρα 5:14; 6:3 (both Is 50:7; cp. En 22:1; 26:5; OdeSol 11:5). π. ἰσχυρά 11:5 (Is 33:16). π. ἀκίνητος IPol 1:1.—The rock in the vision of Hermas: Hs 9, 2, 1f; 9, 3, 1; 9, 4, 2; 9, 5, 3; 9, 9, 7; 9, 12, 1 (the interpretation); 9, 13, 5; 9, 14, 4.—The rock at various places in the desert fr. which Moses drew water by striking it (Ex 17:6; Num 20:8ff; Ps 77:15f, 20; Philo, Mos. 1, 210; Jos., Ant. 3, 86; Just., D. 86, 1; Mel.—Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1444–46: Heracles, when thirsty, struck a πέτρη at the suggestion of a divinity, and a great stream of water gushed forth at once). Paul calls it πνευματικὴ πέτρα 1 Cor 10:4a and identifies it w. the preexistent Christ vs. 4b (EEllis, JBL 76, ’57, 53–56; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 86 πέτρα = σοφία, Det. Pot. Ins. 118=λόγος θεῖος).
    in wordplay (as symbol of firmness Reader, Polemo p. 265) w. the name Πέτρος (GGander, RTP n.s. 29, ’41, 5–29). The apostle so named, or the affirmation he has just made, is the rock on which Christ will build his church (for the figure s. Od. 17, 463: Antinous fails to shake Odysseus, who stands firm as rock.—Arrian, Anab. 4, 18, 4ff; 4, 21, 1ff; 4, 28, 1ff πέτρα is a rocky district [so also Antig. Car. 165] as the foundation of an impregnable position or a rocky fortress; 4, 28, 1; 2 this kind of πέτρα could not be conquered even by Heracles.—Diod S 19, 95, 2 and 4; 19, 96, 1; 19, 97, 1 and 2; 19, 98, 1 al. ἡ πέτρα [always with the article] is the rock [Petra] that keeps the Nabataeans safe from all enemy attacks; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Στάσις: πόλις ἐπὶ πέτρης μεγάλης of a city that cannot be taken) Mt 16:18 (s. ADell, ZNW 15, 1914, 1–49; 17, 1916, 27–32; OImmisch, ibid. 17, 1916, 18–26; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1918, 637–54; 1927, 139–52; RBultmann, ZNW 19, 1920, 165–74, ThBl 20, ’41, 265–79; FKattenbusch, Der Quellort der Kirchenidee: Festgabe für Harnack 1921, 143–72, Der Spruch über Pt. u. d. Kirche bei Mt: StKr 94, 1922, 96–131; SEuringer, D. Locus Classicus des Primates: AEhrhard Festschr. 1922, 141–79; HDieckmann, Die Verfassung der Urkirche 1923; JJeremias, Αγγελος II 1926, 108–17; ECaspar, Primatus Petri 1927; KGoetz, Pt. als Gründer u. Oberhaupt der Kirche 1927; JGeiselmann, D. petrin. Primat (Mt 16:17ff) 1927; BBartmann, ThGl 20, 1928, 1–17; HKoch, Cathedra Petri 1930; TEngert, ‘Tu es Pt’: Ricerche relig. 6, 1930, 222–60; FSeppelt, Gesch. d. Papsttums I ’31, 9–46; JTurmel, La papauté ’33, 101ff; VBurch, JBL 52, ’33, 147–52; JHaller, D. Papsttum I ’34, 1–31; ACotter, CBQ 4, ’42, 304–10; WKümmel, Kirchenbegr. u. Gesch.-bewusstsein in d. Urgem. u. b. Jesus: SymbBUps 1, ’43; OSeitz, JBL 69, ’50, 329–40. OCullmann, TManson mem. vol., ’59, 94–105; OBetz, ZNW 48, ’57, 49–77; cp. 1QH 6:26–28; HClavier, Bultmann Festschr., ’54, 94–107.—OCullmann, TW VI 94–99: πέτρα. S. also the lit. under Πέτρος, end).
    a piece of rock, rock (in an OT quot., where πέτρα is used in parallelism w. λίθος) π. σκανδάλου Ro 9:33; 1 Pt 2:8 (both Is 8:14).—B. 51. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πέτρα

  • 3 πετρήεις

    A rocky, in Hom. always epith. of places, Αὐλίς, Πυθών, Καλυδών, Il.2.496, 519, 640;

    νῆσος Od.4.844

    ;

    γλάφυ πετρῆεν Hes.Op. 533

    .
    II haunting rocks,

    ἰουλίς AP7.504.5

    (Leon.);

    ἠχώ APl.4.154

    (Luc. or Arch.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πετρήεις

  • 4 τραχύς

    τρᾱχ-ύς, εῖα, ύ: [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [full] τρηχύς, fem. -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης, neut. (Hom. (v. infr.), Hes.Op. 291, Theoc.25.74); in [dialect] Ion. Prose fem. τρηχέᾰ, acc. τρηχέᾰν, gen. τρηχέης, dat. τρηχέῃ (imperfectly preserved in codd.; in Hdt.4.23, 9.122, codd. ABCP have τρηχέη, -έην, -έης, RSV have -εῖα, -εῖαν, -είης; for codd. Hp. v. Kühleweinip. lxxxvi); τρηχείην (before conson.) Simon. 89 codd., A.R.2.375 codd.; τρηχείης (as pr. n.) Hippon.47; gen. pl. neut.
    A

    ἐρίων.. τρηχείων GDI 5633.14

    ([place name] Teos); dual in Trag. τραχεῖ, Ion Trag.67:—jagged,

    λίθος Il. 5.308

    ; χαλινοί, opp. λεῖοι, X.Eq.9.9, cf. 10.6;

    τ. καὶ γωνιοειδής Thphr. Sens.65

    ; prickly, ἄκανθαι, ἄκανθα, Plu.2.32e, 138d (both [comp] Sup.); rugged, ἀκτή, ἀταρπός, Od.5.425, 14.1; as epith. of Ithaca, 9.27, 10.417; so

    γῆ λιθώδης καὶ τρηχέα Hdt.4.23

    ; Χερσονήσου τῆς Τρηχέης καλεομένης, of the Crimea, ib.99; and freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att. of rocky districts, A.Pr. 726, E.Fr. 1083; τὰ τραχέα, τὰ τραχύτατα, X.Cyn.4.10, Plu.Flam.4;

    τ. καὶ χαλεπὴ ὁδός Pl.R. 328e

    ; also, rough,

    γλῶσσα Hp.Morb.2.63

    ; ἔρια GDI l. c., PCair.Zen.287.2 (iii B. C.); σφόγγοι ib.12.56 (iii B. C.); χῆμαι ib.82.12 (iii B. C.); σινδόνες (towels, opp. μαλακαί) Gal.6.418; χερσὶ μὴ πάνυ μαλακαῖς, ὥσπερ αὖ μηδὲ τραχείαις, ἀνατρίβειν τὸ σῶμα ib.417;

    τὰ τ. κατὰ τὰς ἀνωμαλίας ἀλλήλοις ἐμπλεκόμενα ἑνοῦται, τὰ δὲ λεῖα κτλ. Diocl.Fr.26

    ;

    βλέφαρα Sor. 2.16

    , PTeb. 273 intr. (ii/iii A. D.); shaggy, τὰ κάτωθεν τ. καὶ τραγοειδής, of Pan, Pl.Cra. 408d, cf. 420e;

    λάσιον καὶ τ. [τὸ κέαρ].. ἔχοντες Id.Tht. 194e

    ; τ. σώματα, opp. λεῖα, X.Mem.3.10.1; of the voice, harsh, Pl.Ti. 67c, etc.; esp. of the voice of boys, when it breaks,

    μεταβάλλειν ἐπὶ τὸ -ύτερον Arist.HA 581a18

    ;

    τὸ τ. τῆς φωνῆς Plu. Mar.14

    ; and of a person,

    τῇ φωνῇ τ. X.An.2.6.9

    ; also τραχυτάτη γλῶσσα (cf. τραχύστομος) Str.14.2.28; of sounds and their combinations, harsh, opp. λεῖος, σύνθεσις, διάλεκτος, Phld.Po.Herc.994.32,36:—on τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία, v. ἀρτηρία.
    2 of battle and conflict,

    ὑσμίνη Hes.Sc. 119

    ;

    νιφὰς πολέμοιο Pi.I.4(3).17(35)

    , cf. Simon.89;

    φάλαγγες Tyrt.12.22

    .
    3 of natural forces,

    ῥόθιον A.Pr. 1048

    (anap.);

    - ύτερα τὰ νοσήματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι Pl.Ti. 84c

    ; of a river, Plu.Alex. 60, etc.;

    ἄελλαι A.R.1.1078

    .
    4 of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions, rough, harsh, savage,

    τ. ἔφεδρος Pi.N.4.96

    ; οὐ τ. εἰμι καταθέμεν I am not niggardly in paying, ib.7.76;

    Ἡσυχία Id.P.8.10

    ;

    ἅπας δὲ τ. ὅστις ἂν νέον κρατῇ A.Pr.35

    , cf. 188 (anap.), 326;

    δικαστὴς τ. εἶ Id.Ag. 1421

    ;

    τ. γε.. δῆμος Id.Th. 1049

    ;

    τ. καὶ τεθηγμένους λόγους Id.Pr. 313

    ;

    τ. ὀργή E.Med. 447

    ;

    λεῖον καὶ τ. πάθημα Pl.Ti. 63e

    ;

    νόμοι τραχύτατοι Id.Lg. 864c

    ; τὸ τ. τοῦ ἤθους, τοῦ νόμου, Id.Cra. 406a, R. 452c;

    - ύτερα πράγματα Isoc.7.18

    ; εὐνομίη τραχέα λειαίνει smooths the rough places, Sol.4.35.
    II Adv. τρᾱχέως, [dialect] Ion. τρηχέως, rare in the literal sense, roughly,

    τ. ὑλακτεῖν Plu.Arat.8

    ; neut. as Adv.,

    τρηχὺ φωνῇ ἠπείλει Theoc.25.74

    ;

    θάλασσα τραχὺ βοᾷ AP5.179

    (Mel.).
    2 of men's acts, τρηχέως περιέπειν τινά handle roughly, Hdt.1.73, 114; τραχέως ἔχειν to be rough, harshly disposed, Isoc.3.33; τινι D.19.45;

    - ύτερον ἄρχειν Isoc.3.55

    ;

    τ. ἀποκρίνεσθαι Plu.Phoc.21

    , etc.; τ. φέρειν take hardly, Id.Lys.15; rarely τραχυτέρως, Pl.Clit. 406a;

    περιέφθησαν τρηχύτατα Hdt.6.15

    . (Prob. cogn. with θράσσω, cf. ἐνθράσσω.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τραχύς

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